Muffler



W. C. MILES.

MUFFLER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 3, l9l9.

Patented Feb. 17, 1920.

(QN www! bmw, NY Si mw cNirED sTATEs PATENT oFFIcE.-

l WILLIAM C. MILES, 0F WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

' MUFFLEE. l

To all whom z't may concern.'

Be it known that I, WILLIAM C. MILES, la citizen of the United States, and a resident of Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invente-d new and useful Improvements in Mufflers, of which the following is a specicat'ion. y

The object of the invention is to provide amuiller particularly adapted to be used in connection with the exhaust outlets of internal combustion engines employed in motor cars and boats,l airplanes and other analogous vehicles, whereby the explosive sounds, reports or detonations ordinarily incidents to the release of the spent .gases orv products of combustion are reduced in audibility or are eliminated without setting up backressure in the outlet, the exhaust mani old, or the engine.

A further object of the inventionl is to provide in a muflier of the above mentioned character a means for increasing the activity of release of exhaust gases from within the cylinders of the engine.

It is a well known fact that exhaust gases released from the cylinders of an internal combustion engine do not travel through the exhaust pipe in a continuous stream or column but on the other hand pass through 'in a pulsatory manner by reason of the fact that the exhaust gases, inthe form of relatively short high tensioned columns or zones, are vseparated by relatively low tensioned zones of gases. The columns of exhaust. gases of relative high tension, separated by relative low tensioned zones, when released from theexhaust pipe directly into the atmosphere by reason of sudden expansion to atmospheric pressure tend to create a partial -vacuum at the oint of release which. partial vacuum is quickly filled in by the. surrounding atmosphere, 'thereby producing sound waves of such intensity as to be audibly transmitted to the adjacent air strata'.

The invention consists in effecting a redistribution of equalization of the densities or relative vapor tensions of the several portions or zones of a column of exhaust gases, so as to reduce the same from a condition of alternately high and low tension, relatively considered, to a condition of relatively continous and uniformly tensioned outiiow which, at the nal point of release is expanded and dissipated without setting up sound waves or vibrations capable of being Specication of Letters Patent. I

Application med may a, 1919. serial No. 294,436.

'Patented Feb. 17, 1920.

audibly transmitted or communicated to advjacent a1r strata.

Other, and more or vless dependent, objects and advantages of thel invention will be apparent in the course of the following description of what at the present I regard as the preferred embodiment of the same.

In the drawings, forming a part of this specification wherein like numerals are employed tov designate'like parts throughout the same,

Figure l is a view showing .the device embodying my invention partly in section and partly in elevation,

Fig. 2 is a face view of. an abutment plate,

Fig. 3 is an edge elevation of the same,

Fig. 4.- is an end elevation of a nozzle, and,

Fig. 5 is a sideelevation of the same,

Fig. 6 is a cross section of the connection between the exhaust pipe and the muffler inlet, showing the clamping means.

The illustrated embodiment, which is intended primarily as merely a typical exponent of the principle of operation involved, contemplates, essentially, an unobstructed exhaust passage orconductor, havving dimensions to suit varying conditions or factors. The, invention further contemplates a supplementing means, for example, such as a storage 'reservoir or equivalent source of a preferably expansive medium disposed for distribution, progressive if desired, to the column of exhaust gases traversing the passage or conductor in such a way as to equalize or establish a continuity of vapor tensions or prior to complete li eration thereof, thereby insuring a continuous outflow at a modified uniform tension as distinguished from the periodic or pulsatlry release of pressure incident t9 the strokes of the engine;

In the drawings wherein for the purpose of illustation is shown the preferred form of my invention, the numeral 10 in- .dicates the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine (not shown) connected by means of a cylindrical clamp 11 to a. conduit 12 deflected or curved from a straight line as shown and suitably connected to the head 13 of a reservoir indicated as a whole by the numeral 14. The reservoir comprises a shell 15 retained in engagement with the head 13 and the endplate or closure 16 by means of the rods 17. Within the reservoir there is disposed an equalizing tube 18 registering with the .opening of the conduit ressures in the column 12 anda tail pipe 19 carried by the eind plate or closure 16. The equalizing tube outer funnel shaped members 22 and 23.

The-funnel shaped members 22 and 23 are provided respectively with flanges 24 and 25 which are preferably secured together by spot weldingto hold the inner and outer walls of the funnel shaped members 22 vand 23 respectively in a spaced relation to provideta passage 26 which communicates with the reservoir 14 through a plurality of openings 27 provided in the outer funnel shaped member 23. The several nozzles or 'directing elements 21 aremaintained in a spaced relation by means of abutment plates 28 disposed upon the equalizing tube 18, eachof the plates being provided with a flange 29 adapted to abut the overlapping or fianged end 30 of the outer funnel shaped member 23. The abutment plates 28 are each provided with suitable openings as shown at 31 to permit distribution of pressure throughout the reservoir 14, the pressure being built up within the reservoir by shunting a portion of the exhaust gases from the conduit 12 through a bypass 32 communicating with the reservoir and arranged preferably coaxial with the exhaust pipe 10 or the comparatively straight portion of the conduit adjacent the coupling 11.

The effect of the device shown and described as my preferred form of the invention is to produce a confined volume of gases or vapors held in a condition of more or less compression within the reservoir by the pulsations entering the same through the bypass, from which reservoirthe gases are distributed progressively to the exhaust column advancing under unrestrained conditions through the main passage of the muiller, so that zones of the column wherein the vapor is at relatively low tensionor pressure are supplied from the reserve pres'- sure thus created in thereservoir to pro,

duce an equalization of tension throughout the column whereby at the point of release determined by the ultimate outlet the gases emerge in an approximately continuous stream or columnydevoidl of lthe characteristic of pulsations or successive slugs of vapor\ under high tension separated by zones of low tension, as they are received at the inlet end of the muilier from the exhaust of the engine.

,'By redistributing the exhaust gases to effect an equalization of the relatively high tensioned and low tensioned zones a lengthening out of the slugsnof exhaust gases 'passing through the equalizing tube 18 1s lin art depended upon as a means for -destroymg vthe kinetic energy thereof rather than a radial expansion or bailing as has been the means employed to accomplish this object \in the heretofore' em loyed methods of destroying the activity o exhaust gases escaping under pressure from internal combustion engines. By the angular .disposition `of the nozzles or directing elements 21 which supply the relatively low tensioned vzones with an expansive medium under pressure from the reservoir 14 an injector action is set up within the equali'zing tube 18 which tends to increase the activlty of forward movement of the exhaust gases in the line of travel thereoffrom the engine. The object of the coaxial alinement of the bypass 32 with the exhaust pipe 10 or with the straight portion ofthe conduit 12 is to make possible the building up of pressure Within the reservoir 14 without setting up a back pressure at any point within the main line of travel of the exhaust gases such as' Within theexhaust pipe'lO, the conduit 12, and 'the equalizing tube 18. The impetus of the molecules of exhaust gases which always tend to travel in a straight line ,is dependent upon and deemed sufficient to create and maintain at all times during the operal tion of the engine at a uniformspeed a constant or uniform pressure within the reservoir 14, which pressure bears a specific relation to the pressure within the main line of travel, the. relation being dependent upon or governed nby the relative diameters of the bypass 32 and the conduit 1.2 or exhaust pipe 10.

It is to be understood that the form of my invention herewith'shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same, and -that various changes in the shape, size andarrangement of parts may be re-` sorted to without departing from the spirit .of the invention or the scope of thel subjoined claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure and groten-. by Letters Patent of the United tates, 1s:

1. A muler having a passage for carrying a column of exhaust, and means for angularly injectinga tension equalizing -medium into said passage to create a tendency .toward increasin fthe activity of How of saidcolumn of ex aust within said passage. 2. A muffler having a passage for carrying a columnA of exhaust, and means for injecting a tension equalizing medium under ressure into said passage to increase the `activity of How of said-column 'of exhaust within said passage.

3. A muler havin a passage for carrying a column of ex aust, and means for progressively injecting a tension equalizing medium angularly into said passage to A medium un lcreate a tendency toward increasing the activity of flow of said ,column of exhaust within said )assage. Y l

4. A mu er havin a passage for carrying a column of ex aust, andgmeans for progressively` injecting a tenslon equallzm er pressure angularly 1nto sai passage to create a tendency toward increas- 1n the activity of fiow of said column of ex must Within said passage.

'5. A muiiler'com rising means for carrying a column of ex aust, means for storinnv an expansive medium under pressure, an' means for injecting said expansive medium into the column of exhaust to increase the activity of flow of said column of exhaust.

6. A muiiler having a' passage f or carrying a column of exhaust, and I,Ineaans accessible to exhaust pressures for receiving exhaust gases'and distributing the same progressively and angularl to said column at various points along its ine of travel, whereby a tendency toward increasing the activity of flow of said column of exhaust within said passage is set up. 4

7 A muiller having means for dividing a column of exhaust, apassage for conveying one portion of the divided exhaust, and means for receivin divided exhaust an distributively injecting the same angularly into 4said pas/sage to create a tendency toward increaslng the activity of the flow of said exhaustwithin said passage. f' A 8. A muffler having a passage for carrying the main column of exhaust, means for receiving and storing a fractional portion of the exhaust, and means for distributively injecting' the fractional portion angularly into the relatively low tension zones of the main column at intervening points to create a tendency toward increasing the activity of flow of the main column within said passage.

9. A muffler having a passage for carrying the main column of exhaust, a reservoir for receiving fractional portions of the exhaust, and a plurality of injector nozzles or directing elements for conducting the exhaust from the reservoir to said passage to increase the activity of flow of the main column of exhaust Within said passage.

l0. A muffler having a passage for conveying the main column'of exhaust, a reservoir for receiving a fractional portion of the exhaust previous to the entry of exhaust into said passage, and means for distributively injecting the exhaust from said reservoir angularly into said passage to create a tendency toward increasing the activity of flow of the main column of exhaust Within said passage.'

l1. A muffler adapted to be connected tcy an exhausty pipe, a reservoir having an equalizing tube therein, .said equalizing tube being in direct communication with the exconcentric with the ex aust pipe, and means the remainder of the haust pipe, a bypass for shunting a portion of the 'exhaust rom the exhaust pipe into said reservoir, and means for angularly injecting the exhaust from said reservoir into said equaliz-in tube to increase the activity of the flow o exhaust through the equalizing tube. l

12. A mufiier adapted to be connected to an exhaust pipe, a reservoir having an equalizing tube therein, said equalizin tube being in direct communication wit the exhaust pipe, a by ass for shunting a portion of the exhaust rom the exhaust pipe into said reservoir, said b pass being arranged for angularly injecting the exhaust from said reservoir into sai equalizing tube to create a tendency toward increasing the activity of the How of exhaust through said exhaust pipe; i f

13. A muiiier having a passage for carrying the main column of exhaust, a reservoir for receiving fractional portions of the exhaust, and a plurality of injector nozzles or directingV elements or conducting the exhaust from the reservoir and angularly 1njecting it into said pass e to create adendency toward increasin t e activity of flow of the main column 0% exhaust within said passage. 9a.

14. A muillery comprising means for carryinga column of exhaust, means for storlng an expansive medium, and means for angula'rly injectin the Vexpansive medium Into the column o exhaust to create a'tendency toward increasin. the activity of flow of saidy passage in the direction of flow of the exhaust Within the passa e to createv a tendency toward increasing t 1e activity of ow 115 of the exhaust therein.

17. A mufiier having a passage for carrying a. column of exhaust, means for storing an expansive medium under pressure, and means for injecting the expansive medium,v into said passage in the direction of How of the column of exhaust Within said passagel to create a tendenc toward increasmg the activity of flow of tlie column of exhaust.

18. A muffler adapted to be connected to an exhaust pipe, a reservoir having an equalizing tube therein, said equalizing tube being in communication with the exhaust pipe,

a bypass for shunting a portionr of the exhaust from the exhaust pipe into said resere ing thel exhaust from the reservoir into said equalizing tube in the direction of How of the column of,exhallstt11e1e1n to create a tendency toivardvincreasing'the activity of,

How of the column of exhaust.

20. A muflier having means for dividing a column of exhaust, a passa e for conveymg' exhaust, means one portion of the divide for receivin the remainder of the divided exhaust, an means for injecting said 'rev mainder ofthe divided exhaust into' said passage in the direction of How of exhaust therein to create a tendency toward increasing the activity of fiow vof the exhaust therein.

WILLIAM C. MILES; 

